tiger192,4 hash generator
About Tiger Hash Generator
This Tiger Hash Generator allows you to calculate Tiger-family cryptographic hash values from text or files. You can paste data directly into your browser or upload a file and generate a fixed-length hexadecimal digest. Tiger hashes can be useful for legacy compatibility, file comparison, non-adversarial integrity checks, compatibility testing, cryptographic research, and educational purposes.
How to Use the Tiger Hash Generator
Quick Start
This tool accepts data in two different ways: you can either paste text directly into the browser or upload a file. After providing your input, click Generate.
The generator processes the supplied input bytes and returns the selected Tiger digest according to the implementation and output-format options provided by the tool.
Enter Data Directly in the Browser
If you want to calculate a Tiger hash for a short piece of text, you can paste or type the data directly into the input area.
This method is convenient for strings, identifiers, test vectors, configuration values, short messages, hexadecimal strings, and other textual data.
Important
Tiger hashes bytes, not abstract human-readable characters. Spaces, line breaks, tabs, capitalization, character encoding, Unicode normalization, and other transformations can therefore change the resulting digest.
Upload a File
For larger or binary input, use the file upload field instead of pasting the data into the browser.
You can use this method for documents, archives, images, executables, CSV files, database exports, backups, and other binary or textual files.
Tiger Hash Generator
You are currently using Tiger192,4
This is the dedicated Tiger192,4 hash generator page. The Tiger variant and its parameters are fixed for this page, so there is no variant selection in the form.
Each Tiger variant has its own dedicated hash generator page. Use the page that matches the exact Tiger variant required by the application, protocol, file format, or reference hash you are working with.
About Tiger Variants
Standard Tiger uses three passes, with eight rounds in each pass, for a total of 24 rounds. The full Tiger digest is 192 bits. Tiger/160 and Tiger/128 are truncated forms of the same Tiger/192 digest.
The original Tiger design also describes adding additional passes for users who want extra mixing. A four-pass construction adds one additional eight-round pass, resulting in 32 rounds in total.
Use the Exact Tiger Variant
Tiger variants with different pass counts or output lengths are not interchangeable. For example, Tiger192,3 and Tiger192,4 both produce 192-bit values, but they use different pass configurations and therefore produce different digests.
If you are reproducing an existing hash, make sure you are using the dedicated generator page corresponding to the exact Tiger variant used by the original application.
Check Encoding and Conversion Options
When hashing text, make sure the character encoding corresponds to the data you intend to hash. UTF-8, UTF-16, Windows code pages, ISO-8859 encodings, and other character sets can represent the same visible text using different bytes.
If the tool provides a character-set conversion option, use it only when you know the original encoding of your input.
Text vs. Bytes
For reproducible results, document the exact bytes being hashed whenever interoperability matters. The visible text alone is not necessarily enough to identify the Tiger input.
Generate the Hash
After entering or uploading your data and selecting the required options, click Generate.
The tool calculates the selected Tiger digest and displays the resulting hexadecimal representation.
Verify or Store the Result
You can compare the generated digest with a trusted reference value, store it as an integrity record, or use it when testing software that requires a specific Tiger variant.
What Is a Cryptographic Hash Function?
A cryptographic hash function accepts a variable-length sequence of input bytes and produces a fixed-length value called a hash, digest, or message digest.
The input may be a short text string, a complete document, an image, an archive, or another sequence of bytes. For Tiger, the message length is variable but is subject to the maximum message length defined by the algorithm specification; it should not be described as literally unlimited.
Deterministic
The same sequence of input bytes processed with the same algorithm and parameters produces the same digest.
Fixed Length
The selected Tiger variant produces a fixed-size digest regardless of the message length within the algorithm's supported input range.
Avalanche Effect
A small change in the input is designed to cause widespread changes throughout the resulting digest.
Hash Equality Is Not Proof of Identity
If two inputs have the same digest, that does not constitute a mathematical proof that the inputs are identical. Cryptographic hash functions have a finite output space and therefore collisions are theoretically possible. Security conclusions also depend on the strength of the particular hash function and the threat model.
What Is the Tiger Hash Algorithm?
Tiger is a cryptographic hash function designed by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham in the 1990s. Its design places particular emphasis on efficient software implementation using 64-bit operations while also being practical on earlier processor architectures.
Tiger processes data in 512-bit (64-byte) blocks and maintains a 192-bit internal state consisting of three 64-bit words, conventionally called A, B, and C.
Tiger in Simple Terms
Tiger repeatedly transforms message blocks using nonlinear substitution tables, arithmetic operations, multiplication, XOR, addition, subtraction, rotations and a message-word key schedule, while mixing its three 64-bit internal state words.
Tiger Internal State
| Component | Size | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| A | 64 bits | The three 64-bit registers form Tiger's 192-bit internal state. |
| B | 64 bits | |
| C | 64 bits |
Tiger S-Boxes
Tiger uses four substitution tables, traditionally referred to as T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each table contains 256 entries, with every entry being a 64-bit value. These lookup tables provide an important part of the algorithm's nonlinear behavior.
T1
256 × 64-bit
T2
256 × 64-bit
T3
256 × 64-bit
T4
256 × 64-bit
Tiger combines these table lookups with XOR, addition, subtraction, multiplication, rotations, and transformations of the message words between passes. The design is intended to provide rapid diffusion of changes throughout the internal state.
Tiger Passes, Rounds, and Variants
The standard Tiger construction uses three passes. Each pass contains eight rounds, giving a total of 24 rounds. Between the passes, Tiger applies a transformation to the message words known as the key schedule.
The three standard passes use different multiplication constants as specified by the original design. The original Tiger description also discusses additional passes for users who want additional mixing. Therefore, a four-pass construction contains 32 rounds, but it should be treated as an extended-pass construction rather than presented as the universally standard Tiger configuration.
What Does an Additional Pass Change?
An additional Tiger pass adds another eight rounds of processing. This changes the resulting digest and increases the computational work.
However, an extended-pass implementation must follow the exact construction expected by the software or protocol being reproduced. A Tiger192,4 result must therefore never be substituted for a Tiger192,3 result merely because both produce 192-bit values.
Tiger Hash Variants Comparison
Tiger variant notation is commonly written as TigerN,P, where N identifies the digest length in bits and P identifies the number of passes used by the implementation.
Tiger160,3 means a 160-bit Tiger output using the standard three-pass construction. | Variant | Output Size | Hex Length | Passes | Rounds | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiger128,3 | 128 bits | 32 characters | 3 | 24 | Truncated output from the standard three-pass Tiger construction. |
| Tiger160,3 | 160 bits | 40 characters | 3 | 24 | Truncated output from the standard three-pass Tiger construction. |
| Tiger192,3 | 192 bits | 48 characters | 3 | 24 | Full 192-bit output from standard three-pass Tiger. |
| Tiger128,4 | 128 bits | 32 characters | 4 | 32 | Truncated output from an extended four-pass construction, if supported. |
| Tiger160,4 | 160 bits | 40 characters | 4 | 32 | Truncated output from an extended four-pass construction, if supported. |
| Tiger192,4 | 192 bits | 48 characters | 4 | 32 | Full 192-bit output from an extended four-pass construction, if supported. |
Output Length vs. Pass Count
The first number and the second number describe different properties. For example, Tiger128,3 and Tiger192,3 use the same three-pass construction but expose different amounts of the resulting digest. By contrast, Tiger192,3 and Tiger192,4 have the same output length but use different pass configurations.
Tiger128, Tiger160, and Tiger192
The standard Tiger algorithm produces a 192-bit digest. Tiger/160 and Tiger/128 are truncated forms of that result and were included in the original design for applications that use shorter digest sizes.
128
bits
160
bits
192
bits
Because one hexadecimal character represents four bits, the commonly displayed hexadecimal lengths are:
- Tiger/128 32 hex characters
- Tiger/160 40 hex characters
- Tiger/192 48 hex characters
Tiger Padding and Message Processing
Before the final message block is processed, Tiger pads the input and incorporates the original message length according to the Tiger specification. The original Tiger padding begins with the byte 0x01, followed by zero bytes as required before the encoded message length.
The message length field is part of the defined Tiger message-processing format. Implementations that need strict interoperability should follow the original specification rather than assuming that Tiger uses exactly the same padding and length encoding as another hash function.
Tiger and Tiger2 Are Not the Same
Tiger2 is a closely related variant that changes the padding convention. Tiger starts its padding with 0x01, whereas Tiger2 starts its padding with 0x80.
Consequently, the same input can produce different results when processed as Tiger and Tiger2.
Tiger Output and Byte-Order Considerations
A Tiger implementation internally maintains three 64-bit state words. When a digest is converted into a human-readable hexadecimal string, the implementation or surrounding protocol must define how those bytes are serialized.
This matters when comparing results from different libraries or applications. Two implementations can calculate the same underlying Tiger digest but expose the result using different byte-order or serialization conventions.
What to Record for Reproducible Results
- Exact input bytes
- Tiger or Tiger2
- Digest length
- Number of passes
- Text encoding, when applicable
- Hexadecimal/output serialization convention
Using Tiger for File Integrity Verification
A cryptographic hash can be used to detect whether a file has changed. A digest can be calculated before transmission, storage, or publication and calculated again later.
Tiger can still be useful for legacy compatibility and non-adversarial file comparison where a particular existing system explicitly requires it. For new security-sensitive systems, a modern cryptographic hash should normally be preferred.
Original File
- Select the original file.
- Choose the required Tiger variant.
- Generate the digest.
- Store the resulting digest and relevant parameters securely.
Received File
- Select the received file.
- Use exactly the same Tiger variant.
- Generate the digest again.
- Compare both digest values using the same output convention.
Tiger Hashing for Text and Binary Data
Tiger ultimately processes bytes rather than human-readable characters. This distinction is especially important when hashing text.
For example, the same visible word may be represented by different byte sequences when encoded as UTF-8, UTF-16, Windows-1254, ISO-8859-9, or another character set.
Text Input
When entering text directly into the browser, the application determines how that text is converted into the bytes supplied to the Tiger implementation.
Encoding, whitespace, line endings, Unicode normalization, and other transformations can therefore affect the resulting digest.
Binary Input
When a file is uploaded, its byte content can be hashed directly without interpreting it as human-readable text.
This makes file upload the preferred method for binary files and exact file-content comparisons.
Hexadecimal Strings
A hexadecimal string such as 414243 can be treated either as six text characters or as three binary bytes (41 42 43). These are different inputs and therefore produce different hashes. If the generator provides a hexadecimal-to-binary conversion option, use it according to the format of your source data.
Tiger vs. Tiger Tree Hash (TTH)
Tiger and Tiger Tree Hash (TTH) should not be treated as the same algorithm.
TTH uses Tiger as its underlying hash function within a tree-based construction. It is therefore different from simply hashing an entire file once with Tiger.
Tiger Security Considerations
Tiger is an historically important cryptographic hash function and remains relevant for compatibility with software and data formats that explicitly depend on it. However, it is an old design and should not normally be selected for newly designed security-sensitive applications when a modern alternative is available.
Do Not Use Tiger as a Password Hash
Tiger is a general-purpose hash function, not a password-storage algorithm. Modern password systems should use a dedicated password-hashing or password-KDF construction such as Argon2id, bcrypt, or scrypt, selected according to the application's requirements.
Tiger Is Not Simply "Broken"
Security claims about Tiger should distinguish the full 24-round construction from reduced-round variants. Cryptanalytic results have demonstrated attacks against reduced-round Tiger variants, but this should not be described as meaning that the full standard Tiger construction has been practically broken. Nevertheless, Tiger is obsolete as a general recommendation for new security protocol design.
Appropriate Legacy Uses
- Legacy compatibility
- Existing data-format compatibility
- Non-adversarial file comparison
- Cryptographic research
- Testing and education
Uses Requiring Caution
- New password storage systems
- New digital-signature systems
- New security protocols
- New applications requiring modern cryptographic recommendations
Known Tiger Test Vectors
Known test vectors are useful for verifying that a Tiger implementation, input encoding, and output formatting are behaving as expected. The following values are examples for the standard full 192-bit Tiger construction.
| Input | Tiger-192,3 Digest |
|---|---|
"" (empty string) | 3293ac630c13f0245f92bbb1766e16167a4e58492dde73f3 |
abc | 2aab1484e8c158f2bfb8c5ff41b57a525129131c957b5f93 |
hello world | 4c8fbddae0b6f25832af45e7c62811bb64ec3e43691e9cc3 |
Frequently Asked Questions About Tiger Hash
Tiger192,3, the number after the comma identifies the number of passes. The standard Tiger construction uses three passes, with eight rounds in each pass. Extended-pass constructions may use additional passes when explicitly supported by an implementation. 0x01 as the first padding byte, while Tiger2 uses 0x80. Best Practices When Using Tiger Hash
- Use exactly the same Tiger construction when comparing two hashes.
- Confirm whether the implementation uses the standard three passes or an extended pass count.
- Verify whether the implementation uses Tiger or Tiger2.
- When hashing text, verify the exact character encoding.
- Do not unintentionally add spaces, tabs, line endings, or other characters.
- For binary files, upload the original file instead of copying its visible representation into a text field.
- When using hexadecimal input, determine whether the hex characters themselves or the decoded binary bytes should be hashed.
- Verify the output serialization and byte-order convention when comparing results from different implementations.
- Use published test vectors to validate an implementation.
- Do not assume that a matching hash proves authenticity without a trusted mechanism for protecting the digest or authenticating the data.
- Do not use Tiger as a new password-storage algorithm.
Tiger Variant Selection Guide
| Your Requirement | Recommended Variant | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Need compatibility with standard 128-bit Tiger | Tiger128,3 | 128-bit truncated output from the standard three-pass Tiger construction. |
| Need compatibility with standard 160-bit Tiger | Tiger160,3 | 160-bit truncated output from the standard three-pass Tiger construction. |
| Need the complete standard Tiger digest | Tiger192,3 | Full 192-bit output from standard three-pass Tiger. |
| Need compatibility with an extended four-pass implementation | Tiger128,4 / Tiger160,4 / Tiger192,4 | Use the exact extended-pass construction required by the reference implementation. |
Compatibility Comes First
If you are reproducing a hash generated by another application, do not choose a variant solely because it has a longer output. Identify the exact Tiger construction, input bytes, padding convention, pass count, digest length, and output representation used by the original application.
Security Notice
Tiger is a historically important cryptographic hash function, but it is not generally the first choice for newly designed security systems. Its main value today is often compatibility with existing software, historical data, research, testing, and applications that explicitly require Tiger.
For new security-sensitive applications, select a modern, well-reviewed cryptographic construction appropriate to the specific requirement rather than choosing Tiger solely because it is available.
Summary
Tiger is a 64-bit-oriented cryptographic hash function that processes 512-bit blocks and maintains a 192-bit internal state. Its standard construction consists of three passes, with eight rounds per pass, for a total of 24 rounds.
Tiger/128 and Tiger/160 are truncated forms of the standard 192-bit Tiger result. The standard full-length form is Tiger/192. Some implementations may additionally support extended-pass constructions such as four-pass forms, but these should not automatically be treated as equally common or interchangeable with standard three-pass Tiger.
Tiger and Tiger2 are different variants because their padding conventions differ. Tiger uses 0x01 as the first padding byte, while Tiger2 uses 0x80.
When generating or comparing a Tiger digest, the algorithm name alone is not always enough. The exact input bytes, encoding, Tiger/Tiger2 variant, number of passes, output length, and output serialization or byte-order convention may all be necessary to reproduce the same displayed result reliably.
For new security-sensitive applications, Tiger should generally be replaced by a modern cryptographic construction appropriate to the specific security requirement. Tiger remains useful primarily where compatibility, historical data, testing, research, or an existing protocol specifically requires it.
